What is XRF? | Optical Emission Spectroscopy explained

X-ray fluorescence or XRF is an analytical technique that has been used for many years to determine the elemental composition of a wide variety of materials. The technique involves X-rays that form part of the electromagnetic spectrum, they are expressed in terms of their energy (kilo electron volts - keV) or wavelength (nanometers - nm). XRF is a consequence of changes that take place within an atom. Examples include metal alloys, minerals, and petroleum products.

XRF is typically used to analyze elements, from sodium (Na) to uranium (U), in concentrations spanning parts per million to high percentages in metal alloys, liquids like petroleum products, as well as powders, pastes, films, fibers, and other solids. It’s also commonly used for coating thickness analysis.

Compared to other analytical techniques, XRF has many advantages. It's fast. It measures a wide range of elements and concentrations in many different types of materials. It's non-destructive and requires no or very little sample preparation, and it's low-cost compared to other techniques.

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